cpu - A concept in CSAPP: what is the definition of instruction? -


i reading csapp, in chapter 4, there discussions cpu pipelining features author talks how many instructions non-pipelining cpu can execute within 1 second vs pipelining cpu. post screenshot follows: enter image description here

enter image description here

in figure 4.32(a) shows unpipelined cpu. in implementation, must complete 1 instruction before beginning next. big box combinational logic. author regard whole process instruction , calculates throughput 3.12 gips shown in formula.

then author use figure 4.33 show pipeline computation: enter image description here

in pipeline computation, combinational logic can divided 3 stages i1, i2 , i3. here question: in opinion, because these 3 stages combined product effect of combinational logic, think of 3 stages single instruction author did in unpipelined example. however, author seems regard 3 stages 3 instructions, , got throughput of 8.33 gips follows:

enter image description here

so curious definition of instruction? (if think of writing registers instruction, author's answer correct)


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